Oil burner



Jan. 5, 1932. w. B. STURGIS 1,840,137

OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 18, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 J an. 5,1932. w,STURG|$ 1,840,137

OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 18, '1929 2' Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 5, 1932UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE adapted to receive air at its lower end andto- 'deliver a portion of the air into the pot for oil vaporizingpurposes and the remainder of the air across the top of the pot to causecombustion of the vaporized oil. 4

One object. of the invention is to provide an oil burner of theaforesaidtype, which embodies a ring-shaped wall that extends inwardlyfrom the upper marginal part of the sidewall of the pot and has itsinner edge spaced from-the tube vso as to form around the tube arestricted outlet for the vaporized oil, and in which the perforationsor open ings in the upper end of the tube are so arranged with' respectto height or elevation that the jets of air emanating therefrom aredirected across the restricted outlet and cause combustion of thevaporized oil above the wall and the resulting flames to spreadoutwardly from the top of the pot.

Another object of the invention is to provide an oil burner of thepremixing type embodying means for automatically controlling thevaporization of the-oil in accordance with the quantity of air suppliedto the burner, which means includes openings arranged to jet some of theair entering the pot in a downward'direction.

Another object of the invention is to provide an oil burner of the typeunder consideration, which embodies means of an improved character forpreventing the inner faces of the bottom and side wall of the ot frombecoming heated to such an extent t at cracking of the oil and theformation of carbon occur.

Another object of the invention is to provide an oil burner of the potand air tube type, which comprises a cylindrical acket that isarranged'to form a tubular air space around the lower portion of thepot, and in which provision is made for continuously circulating. airthrough the said tubular space so as to cool the outer faces of thebottom and slde wall of the pot and prevent overheating of thepot-bottom.

A further object of the invention is to provide a burner of thecharacter heretofore described, which comprises a member that projectsradially from the jacket and forms a laterally extending inlet duct forsupplying air to the perforated tube, and embodies a cyllndrical wirescreen which extends between the lower end of the tube and the bottom ofthe jacket and operates to break up or diffuse the lateral flow of airinto the jacket and to cause the air to flow into the tube in an evenlydistributed manner.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of a basestructure for the pot, having elongated vertically extending screws atthe sides thereof, which screws operate as legs for the burner and areso arranged and of such length that, during the installation of theburner, the may be readily manipulated or adjusted rom above to positionthe pot in'a truly horizontal osition in order to insure the proper flow0 oil over the bottom of the pot.

Additionally it-is contemplated as one of the objects of the inventionto provide an oil burner which is generally of new and im- 7 provedconstruction, may be manufactured at a comparatively low cost, and ismore efficient in operation than burners of a similar character now inuse and heretofore proposed.

Other objects of the invention and the .various advantages andcharacteristics of the present burner construction will be apparent tothose skilled in the art from a considerationof the following detaileddescription.

The invention consists in the several novel features hereinafter setforth and more particularly defined by the claims at the conclusionhereof.

In the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification ordisclosure and in which like numerals of reference denote correspondingparts throughout the several views Fi ure 1 is a vertical longitudinalsection of an oi burner embodying the invention;

Figure 2 is a transverse section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 andshowing in detail the improved means for insulating the inner faces ofthe bottom and side wall of the pot in order to prevent such faces frombecoming heated to such an extent that cracking ofthe oil and theformationof carbon occur;

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on the line 33 of Figure 1 anddisclosing in detail the construction and arrangement of the wire screenwhich operates to break up the lateral flow of air into the jacket andto cause the air to flow into the perforated tube in an evenlydistributed manner;

' Figure 4 is an end elevational go burner; and

Figure 5 is a detail sectional view of the upper end of the tubeillustrating the arrangement and formation of the perforations thatserve to cause jets of air to be delivered across the restricted outletand over the inwardly extendin wall at the top of the burner.

The oil burner which forms the subject matter of the present inventionis a vaporizin burner of the premixing type. It is adapted to bedisposed in the firebox of a boiler or similar heating apparatus andcomprises a receptacle or pot 10 which consists of a bottom member 11and a cylindrical top member 12. The bottom member is preferably formedof a one-piece casting and comprises a circular bottom 13 and acylindrical side wall 14. The latter is joined to and extends upwardlyfrom the outer marginal part of the bottom 13. The upper portion of theside wall 14 is shaped so that it extends outwardly and then upwardlyand forms an annular shoulder or seat 15 and a ring-shaped flange 16.The top member 12, like the bottom member 11, is preferably formed of aone-piece casting. It is equal in diameter to the cylindrical side wall14 and rests directly upon the annular seat 15. By constructing andarranging the members 11 and 12 in this manner, the top member is in thenature of a continuation of the cylindrical side wall 14 and forms inconjunction with said side wall and the bottom 13 a vaporizing chamber17, the upper end of which is open. The ringshaped flange 16 encirclesthe lower end of u the top member 12 and operates to hold said member inits operative position and to prevent lateral displacement thereof. Byproviding the shoulder or seat 15 and the flange 16, the top member 12is removably held in placeand may be readily disconnected from thebottom member 11 when access is desired to the space within and definedby the bottom 13 and the side Wall 14. The upper portion of the topmember 12 is shaped so that it extends outwardly and then upwardly andView of the forms an annular shoulder or seat 18 and a r ng-shapedflange 19. Animperforate ring-shaped wall 20 is supported by and restsloosely on the annular shoulder or seat 18.

supportin and retalning instrumentality for the ring-s aped wall 20,said wall is removably held in place and may be readily withdrawn fromits operative position in the event that it becomes necessary to cleanor replace the same.

The circular bottom 13 of the bottom member 11 is provided at thecentral portion thereof with an integral upwardly extending flange 22.The latter is annular in shape and has a cylindrical opening 23extending therethrough. This opening is of uniform diameter throughoutand extends through the bottom 13. A vertically extending sheetmetaltube 24 is positioned centrally in the pot and has the lower end thereofsleeved over the annular flange 22 so that it is fixedly held in place.The upper end of the tube projects through the restricted outlet 21 andterminates slightly above the ring-shaped wall 20. A disk-like cap 25operates to close the said upper end of the tube.

The receptacle or pot 10 is supported upon a base structure whichcomprises a circular cast iron plate 26 and a cylindrically shapedjacket 27. The lower end of the jacket rests upon the upper face of. theplate 26 and fits snugly around an annular rib 28 which is formedintegrally with and extends upwardly from said plate. The upper end ofthe jacket 27 extends around the bottom member 11 and engages the bottomface of the ring-shaped flange 16 for supporting purposes. The jack et27 is preferably formed of steel and is somewhat larger in diameter thanthe cylindrical side wall 14 so as to form a tubular air space 29 aroundthe bottom member 11. Said bottom member is held in concentric relationwith respect to the jacket 27 by a circular head 30 which is formedintegrally with the side wall 14 and is positioned directly beneath theshoulder or seat 15. The lower end of the jacket 27 operates inconjunction with the plate 26 to form a cylindrical air compartment 31beneath the bottom 13; The bottom member 11, the jacket 27 and thecircular plate 26 are connected together and held in clamped relation bymeans of vertically extending bolts 32. The upper ends of these boltsare provided with nuts 32 and extend through lugs 33 which are formedintegrally with and project outwardly from the ringshaped flange 16 ofthe bottom member 11. The lower ends of the bolts 32 are provided withnuts 32 and extend through lugs 34 which are formed integrally with themarginal part of the plate26 and project outnut 37 which abuts a ainstthe top face of the cap 25 and serves, w en tightened, to clamp the tube24 against the bottom 13.

The base structure, in addition to the plate 26 and the cylindricaljacket 27, comprlses a tubular member 38. This member projects laterallyfrom the jacket and is adapted to extend through the side wall of theboiler or heating apparatus with which the burner is associated. Saidtubular member 38 operates to form a laterally extending duct 39 throughwhich air is supplied to the vaporizing cham.

ber 17. The inner end of the member 38 is connected to the jacket 27 bybolts 40 and communicates with the air compartment 31 via an opening 41in the jacket. ..The distal end of the member 38 is open "so-that airmay enter the duct 39 and flow to the tube 24- through the air chamber31 and the opening 23 in the flange 22. In the event that a forced draftis desired, the said distal end of the member 38 may be connected to afan or blower. The oil that is used in the burner 1s delivered into thebottom member 11 by a pipe 42. This pipe extends through the tubularmember 38 and islconnected to the bottom 13 of the member 11 by anL-fitting 43. The latter is positioned so as to supply the 911' to theupper surface of the bottom 13 and 1s secured to a boss 44 which isformed integrally with the member 11. The outer end of the pipe 42 isconnected to a float-operated feed device 45 which receives oil from atank or similar source of supply (not shown) through a pipe 46. Thedev1ce45 may be of any suitable construction and is supported upon aplate 47 which is rigidly secured to and projects outwardly from thedistal end of the member'38. The u per surface of the bottom 13 isconcave an embodies an annular trough 48 so that the oil which is discharged through the fitting 43 will flow around the tube 24 and allparts of the upper face of the bottom 13 for vaporizing purposes.

The tube 24 is provided with a lower or primary set of perforations 49and an upper or secondary set of perforations 50. The primaryperforations 49 are distributed through the central and lower parts ofthe tube and operate to admit into the chamber 17 suflicient air tosupport combustion in the pot during the starting ;period, and tofacilitate or assist vaporization of the thin film of oil on the topsurface of the bottom 13, durin e normal operation of the burner. Sai

perforations 49 are preferably arranged in three rows and are of suchtotal area that normal operation of the burner they during admit intothe chamber 17 not more than 45% by volume, of the total airtheoreticall re-' quired for the complete combustion of the oil. Toprevent concentration of the air that is admitted into the vaporizingchamber 17, the perforations of the up er row are formed so that theyextend sli ht y upwardly. The-perforatlons of the ower row extenddownwardly at such an angle and in such a manner thatthe jets of airissuing therefrom,

when the burner is in full opera- 'tion, act by their cooling effect, toprevent a further increase in va orization, thereby controlling the rateof t e va orization by the air supply and making the urnerinherentlystable. The secondary perforations 50 are formed in the upper part ofthe tube 24 and are preferably arranged in three rows. These rows ofperforations are disposed at .such levels or elevations that theyoperate to direct jets of air into the oil vapor that passes upwardlythrough the restricted outlet 21 and to support or effect combustion ofthe vaporized oil above the ring-shaped wall 20. The perforations 50 ofthe lower row are positioned directly opposite to the inner edge of thewall 20 and extend upwardly and outwardly at an angle of approximately45 withrespect'to the horizontal. By having the perforations 50 of thelower rowextend at this angle, the lowermost jets of air clear the inneredge of the ring-shaped wall and consequently do not cause combustion inthe vaporizing chamber. The desired angularity is given to theperforations of the lower row by distorting the metal around saidperforations, as shown in Figure 5 of the drawings. The perforations 50of the intermediate row are stag ered with res act to the perforations0? the upper .an' lower rows and are formed so that. they .extendupwardly and outwardly at an angle of approximately 25?. Theperforations 50 of the upper row are positioned above the wall 20 andare formed so that they extend upwardly and outwardly at an angle ofapproximately l0. A characteristic and an advantage of arranging thesecondary v rforations in the manner set forth and at t e v ariousangles specified in that the flames which result from the admixture ofair andoil vapor are formed above the wall 20 and conse--.-

perature of the bottom member 11 below the cracking point of oil andthus to eliminate a deposit of coke on the bottom 13 and the. formationof carbon on the side. wall 14,

a thin ring-shaped sheet 51 of asbestos and a thin cylindrically shapedasbestos strip) 52 are provided. The sheet 51 its over the ottom 13 andis of a foraminous character in that it. has formed therein a luralityof apertures 53 for the escape. o the oil vapor. A pair of asbestosrings 51' support the sheet 51 so that it is spaced above the bottom 13and forms with the latter a distilling chamber 51" for the oil. \Vhenthe burner is operating at full capacity the under side of the sheet 51,that is, the side that is contiguous to the bottom 13, remainssniiieiently cool to irevent the oil in the trough 48 from cracking, andthe upper side becomes suiliciently hot to prevent carbon from formingor remaining thereon. The feed device 45 is so arranged that duringoperation of the burner the oil is not fed above the sheet. The latteris preferably formed in four sections so that it may be readily insertedinto place and withdrawn. The cylindrically shaped asbestos stri 52 itsagainst the inner periphery of the si( 0 wall 14 and operates as a heatinsulator. It is held in its operative position against the side wall 14by a sheet metal band 54. The latter serves not only to retain the stri52 in its operative position but also to facilitate vaporization of thefuel during the starting period, it being manifest that a band of sheetmetal will heat quickly and thereby cause a rapid vaporization of theoil until the cast iron side wall and top member are heated sufiicientlyto effect thedesired and proper vaporization.

To assist in preventing overheating of the bottom member 11, holes aredrilled or otherwise formed in the side wall 14. These holes formpassageways between the tubular air space 29 and the vaporizing chamber17 and result in a continuous flow of air around the side wall 14. Thevolume of air admitted into the combustion chamber through the openings55 is con'iparatively small (approximately one-ninth that of the airadmitted into the chamber 17 through the tube 24) and is not suflicientto cause combustion to take place in the pot during the normal operationof the burner. The up er end of the sheet metal band 54 extends aEovethe holes 55 and operates as a deflector whereby the air emanating fromsaid holes is directed upwardly along the side wall 14 to the outlet 21.A characteristic and an advantage of having the air s mere 29 extendonly around the bottom mem er 11 of the pot is that the upper member 12is permitted to become hot enough to prevent tie formation of carbonthereon. v

To cause a uniform or even flow of air through the perforated tube 24, adistributor 56 of wire screen is provided. This distributor iscylindrical and extends between the bottom 13 and the plate 26. Thelower end of the distributor rests upon the upper face of the plate 26and fits around an annular flange 57 which is formed integrally with andprojects upwardly from the upper face of said plate. The upper end ofthe distributor engages the under side of the bottom 13 and issurrounded by the metal that forms the trough 48. In forming thedistributor, an elongated strip of wire screen is bent into the desiredform and so that the ends thereof are positiond in lapped relation. Whenthe distributor is placed in its operative position, it is so positionedthat the lapped end parts are directly opposite the opening 41. Byarranging the. distributor in this manner there is a double thickness ofscreen in alignment with the inlet duct 39 and consequently the streamof air that passes into the coinpartment 31 through said duct isdiffused so that it does not pass upwardly into the tube 24 unevenly andin such a manner that the perforations at one side of the tube receivemore air than the perforations at the opposite side. In other words,byarranging the distributor 56 in the manner set forth, the lateral flowof air into the jacket is broken up or diffused and the air is caused toflow into the tube in an evenly distributed manner.

In installing the burner, it is essential that the pot be level so thatthe oil flows evenly around the bottom 13. To facilitate the levellingof the pot, three adjusting screws 58, 59 and 60 are provided. Thesescrews operate as legs and form a three-point support for the burner.The screws 58 and 59 are positioned at opposite sides of the jacket 27.The upper ends of said last mentioned a forming member 38.

, vapor an additional quantity they may be readily manipulated fromabove toefiect the desired adjustment. The screw is carriedby the plate47 which pro'ects outwardly from the distal end of the uct- By ad'ustingthe screws relatively to each other t e pot may be tilted so that thebottom 13 is truly horizontal and the oil flows properly and evenlyaround the trough 48.

The burner is started by dropping a lighted match throu' h thering-shaped wall 20 into the bottom 0 the pot 10. As soon as the matchencounters the oil emanating from the apertures 53 of the asbestos sheet51, combustion immediately takes lace in the chamber 17. This is dueto'the actthat the thin film of oil at first vaporizes slowly because ofthe absence of heat and the air admitt'ed into the chamber 17 throughthe perforations 49 is therefore sufiicient to cause a combustiblemixture. Shortly after combustion occurs in the pot, the sheet metalband 54 and the upper and lower members of the pot become heated andcause such a rapid vaporization of the oil that the air admitted intothe chamber 17 through the primary perforations 49 is not suflicient tosupport combustion. When this condition occurs the rich andincombustible oil vapor rises to the top of the chamber 17 and passesupwardly through the restricted outlet 21. As the 011 vapor flowsupwardly through said outlet the secondary perforations 50 at the top ofthe tube 24 operate to introduce into the of air which renders the vaporcombusti 1e and causes combustion to take place above the ringshapedwall 20. As heretofore mentioned, the perforations 50 are formed andarranged in such a manner that the air'ets formed thereby cause theflames to sprea outwardly from the top of the pot 10. The ring-shapedwall 20 has an important function, as far as the operation of the burneris concerned, in that it causes the proper and desired vaporization ofthe oil by preventing a flow of air into the vaporizing chamber from.around the upper part of the top member 12. When the burner is fired toa maximum, the apertured, asbestos sheet 51 operates to prevent crackingof the oil, and the cylindrically shaped asbestos strip 52 serves toavoid the formation of carbon on the side wall 14. The continuouscirculation of air throu h the tubular air passage 29 operates to asslstthe sheet 51 and the strip 52 in preventing the bottom member 11 frombecoming overheated. By virtue of the fact that the lower end of thetube 24 is surrounded by the wire screen 56, the air that enters thecompartment 31 through the duct 39 flows evenly through said tube 24.During the normal operationof the burner, the lower row of primaryperforations 49 discharge jets of cool air in a downward direction.These jets exert a coolingefiect which, -combined with ply by raisin thetop member 12 out of engagement wit the seat 15 and the flange 16. Toremove the tube 24, .it is onl to unscrew the win nut 37 and hft theupwardly so as to the annularflan e 22.

The burner is installed by placing it in the firebox of the boiler orheater with which the burner is to be associated, in such a manner thatit is supported by the screws 58, 59, 60. The pot is positioned so thatthe bottom thereof is level by adjusting the aforesaid screws. By havingthe screws 58 and 59 extend upwardl along the side wall of the pot andabove the lower member 11, it is possible to adjust said screws byreaching-t rough the fire door of the boiler.

The oil burner herein disclosed may be manufactured at a comparativelylow cost and has been found in practice to be exceedingly efiicient asfar as o ration and fuel consumption are concern The invention is not tobe understood as restricted to the details set forth, since these may bemodified within the sec of the a pended claims, without departing from te spirit and scope of the invention.

This ap lication is a continuation in part ry tube ngage the same from'of an app ication for Letters Patent of the United States filed by rialNo. 280,241.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as now and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A burner comprising in combination, a pot consisting of a continuousside wall and a bottom, means for delivering fuel in fluid form into thepot, an upstanding tube positioned centrally in the pot and having theupper end thereof terminating adjacent the upper marginal part of theside wall and its lower end opening through the pot to receive air, saidtube forming with the side wall of the pot an aerating chamber for thefuel and having a plurality of spaced openme May 24, 1928, Se-

ings in the central part thereoffor jetting air outwardly into thechamber in such quantity as to effect only aeration of the fuel in thechamber during normal operation of the burner, a wall extending inwardlyfrom the upper marginal part of the side wall and having its inner edgespaced from the tube to form around the tube a continuous restrictedoutlet for the aerated fuel and operating to prevent air from aboveentering had tow the interior of the bottom member 11 sinithe pot tocause combustion therein, and to force the aerated fuel to flow inwardlyagainst the upper end of the tube as it rises from the chamber andpasses upwardly cause the flames resulting from combustion to spreadoutwardlyover the inwardly-extending wall.

2. In a burner of the character described, the combination of a potconsisting of a substantially cylindrical and imperforate side wall anda bottom having an aperture in the central portion thereof, means fordelivering liquid fuel into the lower part ofthe pot. an upstanding tubesurrounded by and positioned centrally with respect to the side wall ofthepot and having its upper end terminating adjacent the upper marginalpart of the side wall and its lower end positioned to receive airthrough the aperture, said tube forming with the side wall a vaporizingand aerating chamber for the fuel and having a plurality of spacedopenings in the central part thereof for delivering air into the chamberin such quantity as to effect only vaporization and aeration of the fuelin the chamber during normal operation of the burner, and a ring-shapedWall formed separately from and connected to the upper marginal part ofthe side wall and extending inwardly therefrom to form an annularrestricted outlet for the chamber at the top of the pot and around thetube to prevent air from above entering the pot to cause combustiontherein, and to -force the vaporized and aerated fuel to flow inwardlyagainst the upper end of the tube as it rises from said chamber andpasses upwardly through the outlet, the upper end of the tube having aplurality of spaced openings therein of greater total area than thefirst mentioned openings for jetting air outwardly across the outlet tosupport combustion of the vaporized and aerated fuel at the top of thepot and torcause the flames resulting from combustion to spreadoutwardly over the inwardly extending wall.

3. In a burner of the character described, the combination of a potconsisting of a substantially cylindrical side wall and a bottom, acylindrically shaped jacket provided with an air inlet and arranged toform an air compartment under the pot, the upper end of the jacket beingpositioned around and spaced from the side wall to form a tubiilarairspace around the pot, an imperforate cross wall between the side walland the upper marginal part of the, jacket for closi side wall of thepot.

ing the top of the tubular air. space,-means for delivering fuel in liuid form over the bottom of the pot, a vertical tube surrounded by andpositioned centrally with respect to the side wall of the pot andprovided with 10 a closure at the top thereof, said tube having itsupper end terminating adjacent the upper marginal part of the side walland its lower end opening through the pot bottom to receive air from thejacket-formed air compartment and forming with the side wall of the potan annular fuel vaporizing and aerating chamber the top part of whichis-entirely open and unobstructed around said upper end of the tube, andmeans forming a )lurality of spaced openings for jetting air into thechamber in such quantity as to effect only vaporization and aeration ofthe fuel during normal operation of the burner, the upper end of thetube having a plurality of spaced openings therein of greater total areathan the first mentioned openings and of sufiicient size and number tojet enough air outwardly above and across the top part of the chamber toeffect complete combustion of all .the vaporized and aereated fuel thatrises from the chamber and to force the flames resulting from combustionto spread outwardly over and above the 4. An inherently stablevaporizing burner of the premixing type. comprising in combination, apot consisting of a continuous substantially imperforate side wall and abottom, means to prevent the pot from becoming overheated, means formaintaining a layer of liquid fuel over the bottom of the pot, anupstanding tube positioned centrally in the pot and having its lower endopenling through said pot to receive air, said tube forming with theside wall of the pot a vaporizing and aerating chamber for the fuel andhaving a plurality of spaced openings therein of such total area as tojet into the chamber not over forty-five per cent by volume of the totalair theoretically required for the complete combustion of the fuel, someof which openings, but not all, facing downwardly in such a manner thatthe jets of air issuing therefrom, when the burner is in full operation,act by their cooling effect to prevent a further increase invaporization thereby making the burner inherently stable, and means fordischarging more than fifty-five per cent by volume of the total airtheoretically required for the complete combustion of the fuel acrossand above the upper end of the chamber to support combusttion of thevaporized and aerated fuel above the top of the pot.

5. An inherently stable vaporizing burner of the premixing typecomprising in combination, a pot consisting of a continuous side walland bottom, means to prevent the pot from becoming overheated, means for130 wall of the pot a vaporizing and aerating chamber for the-fuel,means comprising a plurality of spaced openings of such total area as tojet into t e chamber not over forty-five r cent by volume of the totala1r theoretical y required for the complete combustion of the fuel, someof which openings, but not all, facing downwardly in such a manner thatthe ets of air issuing therefrom, when the burner is in full operation,act by their cooling effect to prevent a further increase invaporization thereby making the burner inherently stable, and means fordischarging more than fifty-five per cent by volume of the total airtheoretically required for the complete combustion of the fueliacrossand above the up r end of the chamber to support combustion of thevaporized and aerated fuel above the top of the pot, the air from theupper end of the tube discharging in a lateral direction to cause theflames resulting from combustion to ipread outwardly over and above saidside wa 6. An inherently stable vaporizing burner of the premixing typecomprising in combination, a pot consisting of a cont-inuous side walland a bottom, means to prevent the pot from becoming overheated, meansfor maintaining a layer of liquid fuel over the bottom of the pot, anupstanding tube positioned centrally in the pot and having its lower endopening through the pot to receive air, said tube forming with the sidewall of the pot a vaporizing and aerating chamber for the fuel, means atthe top of the chamber forming around the tube a continuous restrictedoutlet for the aerated fuel and operating to prevent air from aboveentel-ing the chamber, means forming a plurality of spaced openings ofsuch total area as to jet into the chamber not over forty-five per centof the total air theoretically required for the complete combustion ofthe fuel, some of which openings, but not all, facing downwardly in sucha manner that the jets of air issuing therefrom, when the burner is infull operation, act by their cooling effect to prevent a furtherincrease in vaporization thereby making the burner inherently stable,and means for discharging more than fifty-five per cent by volume of thetotal air theoretically required for the complete combustion of the fuelacross and above the upper end of the chamber to support combustion ofthe vaporized and aerated fuel above the top of the pot, the air fromthe upper end of the tube discharging in a lateral direction to causethe flames resulting from combustion to spread outwardly total airrequire theoretically for the corn plete combustion of the fuel, some ofwhich openings face downwardly at such an angle.

and in such a manner that the jets of air issuing therefrom, when theburner is in full operation, act by their cooling effect to prevent afurther increase in vaporization, thereby controlling the rate of saidvaporization by. the air supply and making the burner inherently stable,means at the top of the pot forming a restricted outlet for thevaporized and aerated fuel and operating to revent air from aboveentering the pot, an means adjacent the top of the pot for dischargingmore than fifty-five er cent by volume of the total air requiredtheoretically for the complete combustion of the fuel across therestricted outlet to support combustion of the vaporized and aeratedfuel above the top of the pot. a

8. In a burner of the character described, the combination of a potcomprising a continuous side wall and a bottom, said side wall formingwith the bottom a vaporizing chamber with an open top, means forming anopening for delivering liquid fuel over the top surface of the bottom,means for delivering air into the chamber in limited quantity for fuelvaporizing and aerating purposes, means adjacent the top of thevaporizing chamber for supplying air to the fuel vapor in greaterquantity than the air for vaporizing and aerating the fuel in order tosupport combustion at the top of the pot, and a sheet of heat insulatingnon-metallic refractor material positioned in the pot to exteu over theopening where the fuel is delivered into the pot to prevent overheatingand cracking of the fuel in and about said opening during the startingand'stopping of the burner.

9. In a burner of the character described, the combination of a potcomprising a con tinuous side wall and a bottom, said side Wall formingwith the bottom a vaporizing chamber, means'for delivering liquid fuelover the top surface of the bottom, means for delivering air into thechamber in limited quantity for fuel vaporizing and aerating purposes,means adjacent the upper end of the vaporizing chamber for supplying airto the fuel vapor in greater quantity than the first mentioned air inorder to support combustion at the top of thepot, a sheet of heatinsulating non-metallic refractory material positioned over the bottom,and means for supporting the sheet so that it is spaced from the bottomand over the fuel and forms with said bottom a distilling chamber forthe fuel, said sheet having apertures formed therein to permit the fuelvapor to pass upwardly therethrough into the chamber and 0 preventoverheating and cracking of the uel.

10. In a burner of the character described, the combination of a potcomprising a substantially imperforate, cylindrical side wall and acircular bottom having an aperture in the central portion thereof, meansfor delivering liquid uel over the top surface of the bottom, anupstanding tube surroumled by and poistioned centrally with respect tothe side wall of the pot and having its upper end terminating adjacentthe upper marginal part of the side wall and its lower end adapted toreceive air throu h the aperture, said tube forming with tie side wall avaporizing chamber for the fuel and having a plurality of spacedopenings in the central part'thereof for delivering air outwardly intothe chamber in limited quantity for fuel vaporizing and aeratingpurposes, means at the upper end of and communicating with the tn e forsupplying air to the fuel vapor rising from the top of the pot in orderto support combustion at the top of the pot and cause the resultingflames to spread outwardly, and a ring-shaped sheet of asbestosextending around the tube and positioned directly over the bottom andabove the oil, said sheet having apertures formed therein to permit thefuel vapor to pass upwardly therethrough into the chamber and to preventoverheating and cracking of the fuel. v

11. In a burner of the character described, the combination of a potcomprising a continuous side wall and a bottom, said side wall formingwith the bottom a vaporizing chamber, means for delivering liquid fuelover the top surface of the bottom, means for delivering air into thechamber in limited quantity for fuel vaporizing and aerating purposes,means adjacent the 11 per end of the vaporizing chamber for supp yingair to the fuel vapor rising from the chamber in greater quantity thanthe aforementioned air in order to support combustion of the vapor atthe top of the pot, and a strip of heat insulating material fittingagainst and engaging the inner face of the side wall to preventoverheating of the fuel on the bottom of the pot by way of reducing theeffect of the radiant heat from above on the contiguous portion of theside walls of the pot.

12. In a burner, the combination of a pct comprising a substantiallycylindrical side wall and a circular bottom, means for delivering liquidfuel over the top surface of the bottom, means for supplying air tosupport combustion at the top of the pot, a cylindrically shaped stripof asbestos positioned against the inner face of the side wall to reventoverheating of the bottom portion of the pot, and a sheetmetalbandfitting against the strip and operating to hold the latter in place andto facilitate vaporization of the fuel during startin of the burner.

13. fi'l a burner, the combination of a pot comprising asubstantiallycylindrical side wall and a circular bottom, means fordelivering liquid fuel over the top surface of the bottom, means forsupplying air to so port combustion at the top of the pot, a disP- likesheet of asbestos positioned directly over the bottom and above thefuel, said sheet having apertures formed therein to permit the fuelvapor to pass therethrough to prevent overheating of the fuel on thebottom of the pot, and a cylindrically shaped piece of asbestos fittingdirectly against the inner face of the side wall to assist the aforesaiddisk-like sheet in preventing overheating of the li( uid fuel by way ofpreventing conduction 0 heat from the top of the pot to the fueltherein.

14. In a burner of the character described, the combination of a potconsisting of a lower member and a tubular upper member, the lowermember comprising a bottom and a continuous side wall that projeets'upwardly from the marginal part of the bottom and embodies at the upperend thereof a continuous seat and a flange around the seat, the uppermember resting on the seat and forming with the side wall a vaorizingchamber, means for delivering iquid fuel over the top surface of thebottom, means for delivering air into the chamber in limited quantityfor fuel vaporizing and aerating purposes, means adjacent the upper endof the vaporizing chamber for supplying air in greater quantity than theaforementioned air to support combustion of the vapor at the top of thepot, a jacket surrounding said pot provided with an air inlet andoperating to form an air comartment under the pot, the upper end of the1acket being positioned around and spaced from said sidewall to form atubular air space around the bottom member and having the edge thereofengaging the flange for supporting purposes, and means forming outletpassageways at the top of the air space operative to permit a continuousflow of air from the compartment upwardly bergthe lower membercomprising a circuar bottom and a cylindrical side wall that projectsupwardl from the marginal part of the bottom an embodies at the upperend 5 thereof an annular seat and a surrounding ring-shaped flange, theupper member being cylindrical and resting on the annular seat so as toform with the side wall a vaporizing chamber, means for deliveringliquid fuel over the top surface of the bottom, means for delivering airinto the chamber in limited quantity for fuel vaporizing and aeratingpurposes, means adjacent the upper end of the vaporizing chamber forsupplying air in greater quantity than the aforementioned air to supportcombustion of the fuel vapor at the top of the pot, and a cylindricallyshaped jacket surrounding said pot provided with an air inlet andoperating to form an air compartment under the pot, the upper end of thejacket being positioned around and spaced from the side wall to form atubular air space around the bottom member and having the top edgethereof engaging the flange for supporting purposes, said side wallhaving holes formed therein adjacent to the flange, operative to formpassageways between the top portion of the tubular air space and thevaporizing chamber whereby a air is caused to flow upwardly from the aircompartment through said space and into the chamber.

16. In a burner, the combination of a pot consisting of an upper memberand a lower 5 member, the lowermember comprising a-circular bottom and acylindrical side wall that projects upwardly from the marginal part ofthe bottom and embodies at the upper end thereof an annular seat and asurrounding ring-shaped flange, the upper member being cylindrical andresting on the annular seat so as to form with the sidewall a vaporizingchamber, means for delivering liquid fuel over the top surface of thebottom, means for supplying air to support combustion at the top of the,pot, a cylindrically shaped jacket surrounding said pot, provided withan air inlet and operating to form an air compartment under the pot, theupper end of the jacket being positioned around and spaced from the sidewall to form a tubular air space around the bottom member and having thetop edge thereof engaging the flange for supporting purposes, said sidewall having holes formed therein adjacent to the flange, operative toform passageways between the top portion of the tubular air space andthe vaporizing chamber to permit air to flow upwardly from the aircompartment through said space and into the chamber, and a verticallyextending cylindrical bandin the bottom of the pot positioned around theside wall and arranged so that it extends above the level of theaforesaid holes and operates as a deflector whereby the air emanatingfrom said holes is caused to be directed upwardly to the top of the pot.

17; In a burner of the character described, the combination of a potcomprising a bottom and a continuous side wall that extends upwardlyfrom the marginal part of the bottom and formswith said bottom avaporizin chamber, means for delivering liquid fue into the pot, a tubeprojecting upwardly from the central portion of the bottom and havingthe lower end opening through the pot to receive air, means fordelivering air into the chamber in limited quantity for fuel vaporizingand aerating purposes, means at the upper end of the tube for supplyinair to support combustion and spread the ame above the top of the pot, asupporting structure for the pot having an air compartment thereinbeneath the bottom, means for delivering air laterally into thestructure for passage through the compartment to the tube, and a tubularscreen disposed in the compartment extending around the opening for thetube and between the bottom of the pot and the bottom part of thesupporting structure and operative to cause an efiicient circulation ofair under the bottom of the pot for cooling purposes and to diffuse thelateral flow of air and cause the air to pass upwardly into the tube inan evenly distributed manner.

18. In a burner, the combination of a pot,

comprising a bottom and a continuous side wall that extends upwardlyfrom the marginal part of the bottom and forms with said bottom avaporizing chamber, means for delivering liquid fuel into the pot, atube projecting upwardly from the central portion of the bottom andhaving the lower end opening through the pot to receive air, said tubehaving means for distributing air to support combustion at the top ofthe pot, a

supporting structure for the pot having an air compartment thereinbeneath the bottom of the pot, means for delivering air laterally intothe structure for passage through the compartment to the tube, and acylindrically shaped wire screen extending around the opening for thetube and between the bottom of the pot and the bottom part of thesupportbottomavaporizing chamber, means for delivering liquid fuel intothe pot, a tube projecting upwardly from the central portion of thebottom and having the lower end opening through the pot to receive air,said tube having perforations formed therein for distributing air tosupport combustion at 5 the top of the pot, a supporting structure forthe pot having an air compartment therein beneath the bottom of the pot,means for delivering air laterally into the structure for passagethrough the com artment to the 1 tube, and a cylindrically s aped airdistributor extending around the opening for the tube and between thebottom of the pot and the bottom part of the supporting structure, saiddistributor being formed of an elon gated strip of wire screen which isbent into cylindrical form the ends overlap ing each other, the overlaped ends of tie screen beingpositioned irectly opposite the airdelivermeans.

20. n a burner of the character described, the combination of a potcomprising a side wall and a bottom, -means for delivering liquid fuelover the top surface of the bottom, means for delivering air in limitedquantities into the chamber for fuel vaporizing aerating purposes, meansfor supplying air to su port combustion at the top of the pot, a jac zetextending around the lower portion of the pot, and terminating below thetop of the pot, and a plurality of vertically extending screws adjustably supporting the burner, the lower ends of said screws engagingthreaded lugs attached to the baseplate of the structure and the upperends passing through lugs attached to the bottom section ofthe pot, saidscrews extending upwardly outside of and to a point above the jacket andprovided with means at their upper ends whereby the may be turned toadjust the position of t e burner.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 12th day of September, 1929.

WILLIAM B. STURGIS.

